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Much of the image consists of blank areas now with little or no radar action. The "courtyard" wall is still showing strongly, nevertheless, and there are continuing suggestions of a tough surface in the SE corner. Time piece from 23 to 25ns. This last slice is now practically all blank, but a few of the walls are still revealing strongly.

How deep are these pieces? Regrettably, the software application I have access to makes estimating the depth a little tricky. If, however, the leading three slices represent the ploughsoil, which is probably about 30cm think, I would guess that each piece has to do with 10cm and we are only getting down about 80cm in overall.

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Luckily for us, many of the websites we are interested in lie just below the plough zone, so it'll do! How does this compare to the other methods? Contrast of the Earth Resistance data (top left), the magnetometry (bottom left), the 1517ns time slice (top right) and the 1921ns time piece (bottom left).

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Magnetometry, as discussed above, is a passive method measuring regional variations in magnetism versus a localised no worth. Magnetic vulnerability survey is an active method: it is a measure of how magnetic a sample of sediment could be in the presence of a magnetic field. Just how much soil is evaluated depends upon the size of the test coil: it can be very small or it can be relatively big.

The sensing unit in this case is very small and samples a tiny sample of soil. The Bartington magnetic vulnerability meter with a large "field coil" in use at Verulamium during the course in 2013. Top soil will be magnetically improved compared to subsoils simply due to natural oxidation and reduction.

By measuring magnetic vulnerability at a reasonably coarse scale, we can find areas of human profession and middens. Unfortunately, we do not have access to a trustworthy mag sus meter, however Jarrod Burks (who assisted teach at the course in 2013) has some outstanding examples. Among which is the Wildcat site in Ohio.

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These towns are frequently laid out around a central open location or plaza, such as this reconstructed example at Sunwatch, Dayton, Ohio. The magnetic susceptibility study assisted, however, specify the main location of occupation and midden which surrounded the more open location.

Jarrod Burks' magnetic vulnerability survey results from the Wildcat website, Ohio. Red is high, blue is low. The method is for that reason of great use in defining areas of basic profession instead of identifying particular functions.

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